Benchmarks

Overview

HTTP benchmark suite comparing Rune with other popular web frameworks, plus middleware, GraphQL, and Socket benchmarks. Benchmarks live in benchmarks/ at the repo root.

Frameworks Tested

Framework	Description
Rune	Web-standard, runtime-agnostic backend framework
Hono	Ultra-fast web framework for the Edges
Elysia	Fast, and friendly Bun web framework
Fastify	Fast and low overhead web framework
Node.js HTTP	Native Node.js http module
Koa	Expressive middleware for Node.js
Express	Minimal and flexible Node.js web framework

Routes Tested

Each framework benchmark tests the following routes:

Route	Method	Description
/hello	GET	Static route returning JSON
/user/:id	GET	Parameterized route extracting path param
/search	GET	Query string parameters
/echo	POST	Request body handling

Additional Benchmarks

Benchmark	Description
Middleware	HTTP throughput with all built-in middleware loaded
Perf Middleware	Direct middleware function microbenchmark
Router	Direct route matching microbenchmark
Query Param	Direct query string parsing microbenchmark
Event Bus	Event emission and handling microbenchmark
GraphQL	GraphQL query execution (simple, variable, POST)
Socket	Socket connection management and broadcast

Latest Framework Results

Results from bun run bench (GET: 50,000 iterations, POST: 25,000 iterations, concurrency: 20):

Framework	GET /hello	GET /user/:id	GET /search	POST /echo
Elysia	62,771 ops/sec	62,590 ops/sec	54,693 ops/sec	36,364 ops/sec
Node.js HTTP	31,880 ops/sec	39,121 ops/sec	32,209 ops/sec	20,795 ops/sec
Fastify	26,188 ops/sec	28,892 ops/sec	26,687 ops/sec	14,723 ops/sec
Hono	21,931 ops/sec	24,125 ops/sec	22,093 ops/sec	7,694 ops/sec
Koa	21,110 ops/sec	21,634 ops/sec	20,264 ops/sec	14,842 ops/sec
Express	19,608 ops/sec	20,044 ops/sec	17,036 ops/sec	10,588 ops/sec
Rune	13,708 ops/sec	15,068 ops/sec	15,311 ops/sec	8,930 ops/sec

Measured on GitHub Actions ubuntu-latest using Bun 1.4.0. Results may vary by environment.

Adapter Benchmarks

HTTP throughput comparison of Rune running on different runtime and framework adapters.

Runtime Adapters

Adapter	Description
Bun	Rune via @rune/adapter-bun (Bun.serve)
Node.js	Rune via @rune/adapter-node (Node.js http)

Framework Adapters

Rune wrapped inside another framework via its adapter.

Adapter	Description
Elysia	Rune via @rune/adapter-elysia
Fastify	Rune via @rune/adapter-fastify
Koa	Rune via @rune/adapter-koa
Express	Rune via @rune/adapter-express
Hono	Rune via @rune/adapter-hono
h3	Rune via @rune/adapter-h3

Latest Adapter Results

Results from bun run bench:adapters (GET: 50,000 iterations, POST: 25,000 iterations, concurrency: 100):

Adapter	GET /hello	GET /user/:id	GET /search	POST /echo
Bun	45,725 ops/sec	44,032 ops/sec	35,664 ops/sec	5,519 ops/sec
Elysia	43,632 ops/sec	40,304 ops/sec	32,651 ops/sec	5,262 ops/sec
Node.js	16,352 ops/sec	16,429 ops/sec	15,498 ops/sec	9,056 ops/sec
Fastify	16,215 ops/sec	16,054 ops/sec	13,471 ops/sec	8,345 ops/sec
Koa	14,403 ops/sec	14,283 ops/sec	13,621 ops/sec	10,732 ops/sec
Express	13,433 ops/sec	13,791 ops/sec	11,824 ops/sec	10,656 ops/sec
h3	8,005 ops/sec	8,031 ops/sec	8,059 ops/sec	4,676 ops/sec
Hono	7,942 ops/sec	7,963 ops/sec	7,899 ops/sec	4,468 ops/sec

Measured on the same machine under identical load. Results may vary by environment.

Running Benchmarks

Install Dependencies

bun install

Run All Benchmarks

bun run bench:all

Run Individual Framework Benchmarks

bun run bench:rune         # Rune
bun run bench:hono         # Hono
bun run bench:elysia       # Elysia
bun run bench:fastify      # Fastify
bun run bench:node         # Node.js native HTTP
bun run bench:koa          # Koa
bun run bench:express      # Express

Run Additional Benchmarks

bun run bench:middleware        # Middleware throughput
bun run bench:perf-middleware   # Middleware microbenchmark
bun run bench:router            # Router microbenchmark
bun run bench:query-param       # Query param microbenchmark
bun run bench:event-bus         # Event bus microbenchmark
bun run bench:graphql           # GraphQL query execution
bun run bench:socket            # Socket operations

Run Adapter Benchmarks

bun run bench:adapter-node      # Rune via Node.js adapter
bun run bench:adapter-bun       # Rune via Bun adapter
bun run bench:adapter-elysia    # Rune via Elysia adapter
bun run bench:adapter-hono      # Rune via Hono adapter
bun run bench:adapter-express   # Rune via Express adapter
bun run bench:adapter-koa       # Rune via Koa adapter
bun run bench:adapter-fastify   # Rune via Fastify adapter
bun run bench:adapter-h3        # Rune via h3 adapter
bun run bench:adapters          # All adapter benchmarks

Benchmark Configuration

Output Fields

Field	Description
ops/sec	Operations per second
ms/op	Average latency per operation in milliseconds

Each benchmark runs:

• GET routes: 50,000 iterations
• POST routes: 25,000 iterations

Results are measured using performance.now() with parallel request batching.

Project Structure

benchmarks/
├── http.ts               # Shared HTTP benchmarking utilities
├── _app.ts               # Shared Rune app for Rune benchmark
├── measure.ts            # Microbenchmark measurement utility
├── runner.ts             # Main runner for all framework benchmarks
├── rune.ts               # Rune framework benchmark
├── hono.ts               # Hono framework benchmark
├── elysia.ts             # Elysia framework benchmark
├── fastify.ts            # Fastify framework benchmark
├── node.ts               # Node.js native HTTP benchmark
├── koa.ts                # Koa framework benchmark
├── express.ts            # Express framework benchmark
├── middleware.ts          # Middleware throughput benchmark
├── perf-middleware.ts     # Middleware microbenchmark
├── router.ts             # Router microbenchmark
├── query-param.ts        # Query param microbenchmark
├── event-bus.ts          # Event bus microbenchmark
├── graphql.ts            # GraphQL query execution benchmark
├── socket.ts             # Socket operations benchmark
├── adapter-bun.ts        # Rune via Bun adapter benchmark
├── adapter-node.ts       # Rune via Node.js adapter benchmark
├── adapter-elysia.ts     # Rune via Elysia adapter benchmark
├── adapter-hono.ts       # Rune via Hono adapter benchmark
├── adapter-express.ts    # Rune via Express adapter benchmark
├── adapter-koa.ts        # Rune via Koa adapter benchmark
├── adapter-fastify.ts    # Rune via Fastify adapter benchmark
├── adapter-h3.ts         # Rune via h3 adapter benchmark
├── adapter-runner.ts     # Adapter benchmarks runner + report
├── tests/                # Test files for benchmarks
├── package.json          # Dependencies and scripts
├── tsconfig.json         # TypeScript configuration
└── README.md             # Benchmark details and latest results

Notes

• Each benchmark starts its own server on a different port
• Benchmarks run sequentially to avoid port conflicts
• waitForServer() retries until each server is ready before starting measurements
• Parallel requests with keep-alive connections are used for throughput measurement
• All benchmarks use the same request/response patterns for fair comparison
• Latest results are auto-generated in benchmarks/README.md by the runner scripts